The food and pharmaceutical industries belong to high-standard sanitary production fields, where production environments, equipment cleanliness and process parameter accuracy directly determine product safety and qualification rate. Pressure is a vital process parameter in material transportation, fermentation, purification and sterile filling processes. Ordinary pressure transmitters are prone to material residue, bacterial growth and cleaning dead angles, which cannot meet strict sanitary production specifications.

The rapid development of the new energy industry, covering hydrogen energy, photovoltaic power generation, wind power, and new energy vehicles, has raised stringent requirements for industrial precision and operational safety. Pressure is one of the most critical process parameters in new energy production, storage, and operation links, and tiny pressure deviations can lead to reduced energy conversion efficiency, equipment failure, and even safety accidents.

Urban water supply pipeline networks are the core infrastructure of municipal water systems, and unstable pipeline pressure is a leading cause of water leakage, pipe burst accidents, and low water supply efficiency. Traditional water pipeline management relies on manual inspection and regular pressure regulation, which features lagging data acquisition, inaccurate control, and high resource waste. With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) and intelligent sensing technology, smart pipeline pressure control has become a key component of modern smart water management.

The chemical industry features high-risk production characteristics, including flammable, explosive, and high-pressure operating environments, where pressure abnormality is one of the leading causes of equipment failure, fire accidents, and explosions. Explosion-proof pressure monitoring serves as a core safety guarantee for chemical production, enabling real-time pressure data collection, abnormal early warning, and safe state supervision of pressure vessels, pipelines, and reaction kettles.

Water quality is the core determinant of aquaculture yield and aquatic organism health, among which pH value serves as one of the most sensitive and critical indicators. Slight fluctuations in water pH can directly affect the respiration, metabolism, and immunity of fish, shrimp and shellfish, and even trigger large-scale disease outbreaks and mortality in severe cases.

pH value is one of the most fundamental and critical indicators in water quality evaluation, reflecting the acidity and alkalinity of water bodies and directly affecting aquatic ecological safety, industrial production efficiency, and sewage discharge compliance. Traditional manual pH detection methods suffer from low efficiency, severe data lag, and human operation errors, which can no longer meet the real-time and high-precision monitoring requirements of modern water environment management and industrial water treatment.

pH sensors are core monitoring devices in wastewater treatment systems, responsible for real-time detection of water acidity and alkalinity to support biochemical treatment, chemical dosing and effluent discharge compliance. Unlike conventional water quality sensors, wastewater pH sensors operate in harsh environments with high suspended solids, organic pollutants, corrosive ions and variable water temperatures, making them prone to contamination, electrode aging and data drift. Regular and standardized maintenance is essential to ensure long-term measurement accuracy and stable operation

Water pH value is a vital physicochemical parameter that indicates the acidity or alkalinity of aqueous solutions. It profoundly influences water ecological stability, industrial water treatment efficiency, and drinking water safety. Accurate pH calculation is the fundamental basis for water quality analysis, environmental monitoring, and chemical experimental research. This article elaborates on the basic theoretical principles of water pH calculation and introduces two mainstream practical methods: theoretical formula calculation for pure water and instrument conversion calculation for complex water bodies.

Industrial pH sensors are essential precision monitoring devices widely used in industrial wastewater treatment, chemical production, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and food processing industries. They provide real-time pH data of liquid media to support production process control, wastewater discharge compliance supervision, and product quality stabilization